(With minor bn/generic.c revamp.)

(Imported from upstream's 56df92efb6)

Change-Id: I9d85cfde4dfb29e64ff7417f781d0c9f1685e905
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/2780
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>

Chromium does not like static initializers, and the CPU logic uses one to
initialize CPU bits. However, the crypto library lacks an explicit
initialization function, which could complicate (no compile-time errors)
porting existing code which uses crypto/, but not ssl/.

Add an explicit CRYPTO_library_init function, but make it a no-op by default.
It only does anything (and is required) if building with
BORINGSSL_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER.

Change-Id: I6933bdc3447fb382b1f87c788e5b8142d6f3fe39
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/1770
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>

Otherwise, in C, it becomes a K&R function declaration which doesn't actually
type-check the number of arguments.

Change-Id: I0731a9fefca46fb1c266bfb1c33d464cf451a22e
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/1582
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>

Apart from the obvious little issues, this also works around a
(seeming) libtool/linker:

a.c defines a symbol:

int kFoo;

b.c uses it:

extern int kFoo;

int f() {
  return kFoo;
}

compile them:

$ gcc -c a.c
$ gcc -c b.c

and create a dummy main in order to run it, main.c:

int f();

int main() {
  return f();
}

this works as expected:

$ gcc main.c a.o b.o

but, if we make an archive:

$ ar q lib.a a.o b.o

and use that:

$ gcc main.c lib.a
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64
  "_kFoo", referenced from:
    _f in lib.a(b.o)

(It doesn't matter what order the .o files are put into the .a)

Linux and Windows don't seem to have this problem.

nm on a.o shows that the symbol is of type "C", which is a "common symbol"[1].
Basically the linker will merge multiple common symbol definitions together.

If ones makes a.c read:

int kFoo = 0;

Then one gets a type "D" symbol - a "data section symbol" and everything works
just fine.

This might actually be a libtool bug instead of an ld bug: Looking at `xxd
lib.a | less`, the __.SYMDEF SORTED index at the beginning of the archive
doesn't contain an entry for kFoo unless initialised.

Change-Id: I4cdad9ba46e9919221c3cbd79637508959359427

This change adds a new function, BN_bn2bin_padded, that attempts, as
much as possible, to serialise a BIGNUM in constant time.

This is used to avoid some timing leaks in RSA decryption.

Some RSA private keys are specified with only n, e and d. Although we
can use these keys directly, it's nice to have a uniform representation
that includes the precomputed CRT values. This change adds a function
that can recover the primes from a minimal private key of that form.

Ensure that, when generating small primes, the result is actually of the
requested size. Fixes OpenSSL #2701.

This change does not address the cases of generating safe primes, or
where the |add| parameter is non-NULL.

Add a test based on multiplication optimizations from OpenSSL HEAD
(1.1.0-dev) Based on openssl-SNAP-20111003

Initial fork from f2d678e6e8 (1.0.2 beta).

(This change contains substantial changes from the original and
effectively starts a new history.)