|
- /* ====================================================================
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2003 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
- * software must display the following acknowledgment:
- * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
- * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
- *
- * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
- * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
- * prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
- * openssl-core@openssl.org.
- *
- * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
- * nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
- * permission of the OpenSSL Project.
- *
- * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
- * acknowledgment:
- * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
- * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
- * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
- * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
- * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
- * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
- * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
- * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
- * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- * ====================================================================
- *
- * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
- * (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes software written by Tim
- * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com). */
-
- #include <openssl/bio.h>
-
- #include <assert.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- #include <openssl/buf.h>
- #include <openssl/err.h>
- #include <openssl/mem.h>
-
-
- struct bio_bio_st {
- BIO *peer; /* NULL if buf == NULL.
- * If peer != NULL, then peer->ptr is also a bio_bio_st,
- * and its "peer" member points back to us.
- * peer != NULL iff init != 0 in the BIO. */
-
- /* This is for what we write (i.e. reading uses peer's struct): */
- int closed; /* valid iff peer != NULL */
- size_t len; /* valid iff buf != NULL; 0 if peer == NULL */
- size_t offset; /* valid iff buf != NULL; 0 if len == 0 */
- size_t size;
- uint8_t *buf; /* "size" elements (if != NULL) */
- char buf_externally_allocated; /* true iff buf was externally allocated. */
-
- char zero_copy_read_lock; /* true iff a zero copy read operation
- * is in progress. */
- char zero_copy_write_lock; /* true iff a zero copy write operation
- * is in progress. */
-
- size_t request; /* valid iff peer != NULL; 0 if len != 0,
- * otherwise set by peer to number of bytes
- * it (unsuccessfully) tried to read,
- * never more than buffer space (size-len) warrants. */
- };
-
- static int bio_new(BIO *bio) {
- struct bio_bio_st *b;
-
- b = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof *b);
- if (b == NULL) {
- return 0;
- }
- memset(b, 0, sizeof(struct bio_bio_st));
-
- b->size = 17 * 1024; /* enough for one TLS record (just a default) */
- bio->ptr = b;
- return 1;
- }
-
- static void bio_destroy_pair(BIO *bio) {
- struct bio_bio_st *b = bio->ptr;
- BIO *peer_bio;
- struct bio_bio_st *peer_b;
-
- if (b == NULL) {
- return;
- }
-
- peer_bio = b->peer;
- if (peer_bio == NULL) {
- return;
- }
-
- peer_b = peer_bio->ptr;
-
- assert(peer_b != NULL);
- assert(peer_b->peer == bio);
-
- peer_b->peer = NULL;
- peer_bio->init = 0;
- assert(peer_b->buf != NULL);
- peer_b->len = 0;
- peer_b->offset = 0;
-
- b->peer = NULL;
- bio->init = 0;
- assert(b->buf != NULL);
- b->len = 0;
- b->offset = 0;
- }
-
- static int bio_free(BIO *bio) {
- struct bio_bio_st *b;
-
- if (bio == NULL) {
- return 0;
- }
- b = bio->ptr;
-
- assert(b != NULL);
-
- if (b->peer) {
- bio_destroy_pair(bio);
- }
-
- if (!b->buf_externally_allocated) {
- OPENSSL_free(b->buf);
- }
-
- OPENSSL_free(b);
-
- return 1;
- }
-
- static size_t bio_zero_copy_get_read_buf(struct bio_bio_st* peer_b,
- uint8_t** out_read_buf,
- size_t* out_buf_offset) {
- size_t max_available;
- if (peer_b->len > peer_b->size - peer_b->offset) {
- /* Only the first half of the ring buffer can be read. */
- max_available = peer_b->size - peer_b->offset;
- } else {
- max_available = peer_b->len;
- }
-
- *out_read_buf = peer_b->buf;
- *out_buf_offset = peer_b->offset;
- return max_available;
- }
-
- int BIO_zero_copy_get_read_buf(BIO* bio, uint8_t** out_read_buf,
- size_t* out_buf_offset,
- size_t* out_available_bytes) {
- struct bio_bio_st* b;
- struct bio_bio_st* peer_b;
- size_t max_available;
- *out_available_bytes = 0;
-
- BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
-
- if (!bio->init) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNINITIALIZED);
- return 0;
- }
-
- b = bio->ptr;
-
- if (!b || !b->peer) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
-
- peer_b = b->peer->ptr;
- if (!peer_b || !peer_b->peer || peer_b->peer->ptr != b) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (peer_b->zero_copy_read_lock) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
- return 0;
- }
-
- peer_b->request = 0; /* Is not used by zero-copy API. */
-
- max_available =
- bio_zero_copy_get_read_buf(peer_b, out_read_buf, out_buf_offset);
-
- assert(peer_b->buf != NULL);
- if (max_available > 0) {
- peer_b->zero_copy_read_lock = 1;
- }
-
- *out_available_bytes = max_available;
- return 1;
- }
-
- int BIO_zero_copy_get_read_buf_done(BIO* bio, size_t bytes_read) {
- struct bio_bio_st* b;
- struct bio_bio_st* peer_b;
- size_t max_available;
- size_t dummy_read_offset;
- uint8_t* dummy_read_buf;
-
- assert(BIO_get_retry_flags(bio) == 0);
-
- if (!bio->init) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNINITIALIZED);
- return 0;
- }
-
- b = bio->ptr;
-
- if (!b || !b->peer) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
-
- peer_b = b->peer->ptr;
- if (!peer_b || !peer_b->peer || peer_b->peer->ptr != b) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (!peer_b->zero_copy_read_lock) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
- return 0;
- }
-
- max_available =
- bio_zero_copy_get_read_buf(peer_b, &dummy_read_buf, &dummy_read_offset);
- if (bytes_read > max_available) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
- return 0;
- }
-
- peer_b->len -= bytes_read;
- assert(peer_b->len >= 0);
- assert(peer_b->offset + bytes_read <= peer_b->size);
-
- /* Move read offset. If zero_copy_write_lock == 1 we must advance the
- * offset even if buffer becomes empty, to make sure
- * write_offset = (offset + len) mod size does not change. */
- if (peer_b->offset + bytes_read == peer_b->size ||
- (!peer_b->zero_copy_write_lock && peer_b->len == 0)) {
- peer_b->offset = 0;
- } else {
- peer_b->offset += bytes_read;
- }
-
- bio->num_read += bytes_read;
- peer_b->zero_copy_read_lock = 0;
- return 1;
- }
-
- static size_t bio_zero_copy_get_write_buf(struct bio_bio_st* b,
- uint8_t** out_write_buf,
- size_t* out_buf_offset) {
- size_t write_offset;
- size_t max_available;
-
- assert(b->len <= b->size);
-
- write_offset = b->offset + b->len;
-
- if (write_offset >= b->size) {
- /* Only the first half of the ring buffer can be written to. */
- write_offset -= b->size;
- /* write up to the start of the ring buffer. */
- max_available = b->offset - write_offset;
- } else {
- /* write up to the end the buffer. */
- max_available = b->size - write_offset;
- }
-
- *out_write_buf = b->buf;
- *out_buf_offset = write_offset;
- return max_available;
- }
-
- int BIO_zero_copy_get_write_buf(BIO* bio, uint8_t** out_write_buf,
- size_t* out_buf_offset,
- size_t* out_available_bytes) {
- struct bio_bio_st* b;
- struct bio_bio_st* peer_b;
- size_t max_available;
-
- *out_available_bytes = 0;
- BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
-
- if (!bio->init) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNINITIALIZED);
- return 0;
- }
-
- b = bio->ptr;
-
- if (!b || !b->buf || !b->peer) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
- peer_b = b->peer->ptr;
- if (!peer_b || !peer_b->peer || peer_b->peer->ptr != b) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
-
- assert(b->buf != NULL);
-
- if (b->zero_copy_write_lock) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
- return 0;
- }
-
- b->request = 0;
- if (b->closed) {
- /* Bio is already closed. */
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_BROKEN_PIPE);
- return 0;
- }
-
- max_available = bio_zero_copy_get_write_buf(b, out_write_buf, out_buf_offset);
-
- if (max_available > 0) {
- b->zero_copy_write_lock = 1;
- }
-
- *out_available_bytes = max_available;
- return 1;
- }
-
- int BIO_zero_copy_get_write_buf_done(BIO* bio, size_t bytes_written) {
- struct bio_bio_st* b;
- struct bio_bio_st* peer_b;
-
- size_t rest;
- size_t dummy_write_offset;
- uint8_t* dummy_write_buf;
-
- if (!bio->init) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNINITIALIZED);
- return 0;
- }
-
- b = bio->ptr;
-
- if (!b || !b->buf || !b->peer) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
- peer_b = b->peer->ptr;
- if (!peer_b || !peer_b->peer || peer_b->peer->ptr != b) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_UNSUPPORTED_METHOD);
- return 0;
- }
-
- b->request = 0;
- if (b->closed) {
- /* BIO is already closed. */
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_BROKEN_PIPE);
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (!b->zero_copy_write_lock) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
- return 0;
- }
-
- rest = bio_zero_copy_get_write_buf(b, &dummy_write_buf, &dummy_write_offset);
-
- if (bytes_written > rest) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
- return 0;
- }
-
- bio->num_write += bytes_written;
- /* Move write offset. */
- b->len += bytes_written;
- b->zero_copy_write_lock = 0;
- return 1;
- }
-
- static int bio_read(BIO *bio, char *buf, int size_) {
- size_t size = size_;
- size_t rest;
- struct bio_bio_st *b, *peer_b;
-
- BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
-
- if (!bio->init) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- b = bio->ptr;
- assert(b != NULL);
- assert(b->peer != NULL);
- peer_b = b->peer->ptr;
- assert(peer_b != NULL);
- assert(peer_b->buf != NULL);
-
- peer_b->request = 0; /* will be set in "retry_read" situation */
-
- if (buf == NULL || size == 0 || peer_b->zero_copy_read_lock) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (peer_b->len == 0) {
- if (peer_b->closed) {
- return 0; /* writer has closed, and no data is left */
- } else {
- BIO_set_retry_read(bio); /* buffer is empty */
- if (size <= peer_b->size) {
- peer_b->request = size;
- } else {
- /* don't ask for more than the peer can
- * deliver in one write */
- peer_b->request = peer_b->size;
- }
- return -1;
- }
- }
-
- /* we can read */
- if (peer_b->len < size) {
- size = peer_b->len;
- }
-
- /* now read "size" bytes */
- rest = size;
-
- assert(rest > 0);
- /* one or two iterations */
- do {
- size_t chunk;
-
- assert(rest <= peer_b->len);
- if (peer_b->offset + rest <= peer_b->size) {
- chunk = rest;
- } else {
- /* wrap around ring buffer */
- chunk = peer_b->size - peer_b->offset;
- }
- assert(peer_b->offset + chunk <= peer_b->size);
-
- memcpy(buf, peer_b->buf + peer_b->offset, chunk);
-
- peer_b->len -= chunk;
- /* If zero_copy_write_lock == 1 we must advance the offset even if buffer
- * becomes empty, to make sure write_offset = (offset + len) % size
- * does not change. */
- if (peer_b->len || peer_b->zero_copy_write_lock) {
- peer_b->offset += chunk;
- assert(peer_b->offset <= peer_b->size);
- if (peer_b->offset == peer_b->size) {
- peer_b->offset = 0;
- }
- buf += chunk;
- } else {
- /* buffer now empty, no need to advance "buf" */
- assert(chunk == rest);
- peer_b->offset = 0;
- }
- rest -= chunk;
- } while (rest);
-
- return size;
- }
-
- static int bio_write(BIO *bio, const char *buf, int num_) {
- size_t num = num_;
- size_t rest;
- struct bio_bio_st *b;
-
- BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
-
- if (!bio->init || buf == NULL || num == 0) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- b = bio->ptr;
- assert(b != NULL);
- assert(b->peer != NULL);
- assert(b->buf != NULL);
-
- if (b->zero_copy_write_lock) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- b->request = 0;
- if (b->closed) {
- /* we already closed */
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_BROKEN_PIPE);
- return -1;
- }
-
- assert(b->len <= b->size);
-
- if (b->len == b->size) {
- BIO_set_retry_write(bio); /* buffer is full */
- return -1;
- }
-
- /* we can write */
- if (num > b->size - b->len) {
- num = b->size - b->len;
- }
-
- /* now write "num" bytes */
- rest = num;
-
- assert(rest > 0);
- /* one or two iterations */
- do {
- size_t write_offset;
- size_t chunk;
-
- assert(b->len + rest <= b->size);
-
- write_offset = b->offset + b->len;
- if (write_offset >= b->size) {
- write_offset -= b->size;
- }
- /* b->buf[write_offset] is the first byte we can write to. */
-
- if (write_offset + rest <= b->size) {
- chunk = rest;
- } else {
- /* wrap around ring buffer */
- chunk = b->size - write_offset;
- }
-
- memcpy(b->buf + write_offset, buf, chunk);
-
- b->len += chunk;
-
- assert(b->len <= b->size);
-
- rest -= chunk;
- buf += chunk;
- } while (rest);
-
- return num;
- }
-
- static int bio_make_pair(BIO* bio1, BIO* bio2,
- size_t writebuf1_len, uint8_t* ext_writebuf1,
- size_t writebuf2_len, uint8_t* ext_writebuf2) {
- struct bio_bio_st *b1, *b2;
-
- assert(bio1 != NULL);
- assert(bio2 != NULL);
-
- b1 = bio1->ptr;
- b2 = bio2->ptr;
-
- if (b1->peer != NULL || b2->peer != NULL) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, BIO_R_IN_USE);
- return 0;
- }
-
- assert(b1->buf_externally_allocated == 0);
- assert(b2->buf_externally_allocated == 0);
-
- if (b1->buf == NULL) {
- if (writebuf1_len) {
- b1->size = writebuf1_len;
- }
- if (!ext_writebuf1) {
- b1->buf_externally_allocated = 0;
- b1->buf = OPENSSL_malloc(b1->size);
- if (b1->buf == NULL) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
- return 0;
- }
- } else {
- b1->buf = ext_writebuf1;
- b1->buf_externally_allocated = 1;
- }
- b1->len = 0;
- b1->offset = 0;
- }
-
- if (b2->buf == NULL) {
- if (writebuf2_len) {
- b2->size = writebuf2_len;
- }
- if (!ext_writebuf2) {
- b2->buf_externally_allocated = 0;
- b2->buf = OPENSSL_malloc(b2->size);
- if (b2->buf == NULL) {
- OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(BIO, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
- return 0;
- }
- } else {
- b2->buf = ext_writebuf2;
- b2->buf_externally_allocated = 1;
- }
- b2->len = 0;
- b2->offset = 0;
- }
-
- b1->peer = bio2;
- b1->closed = 0;
- b1->request = 0;
- b1->zero_copy_read_lock = 0;
- b1->zero_copy_write_lock = 0;
- b2->peer = bio1;
- b2->closed = 0;
- b2->request = 0;
- b2->zero_copy_read_lock = 0;
- b2->zero_copy_write_lock = 0;
-
- bio1->init = 1;
- bio2->init = 1;
-
- return 1;
- }
-
- static long bio_ctrl(BIO *bio, int cmd, long num, void *ptr) {
- long ret;
- struct bio_bio_st *b = bio->ptr;
-
- assert(b != NULL);
-
- switch (cmd) {
- /* specific CTRL codes */
-
- case BIO_C_GET_WRITE_BUF_SIZE:
- ret = (long)b->size;
- break;
-
- case BIO_C_GET_WRITE_GUARANTEE:
- /* How many bytes can the caller feed to the next write
- * without having to keep any? */
- if (b->peer == NULL || b->closed) {
- ret = 0;
- } else {
- ret = (long)b->size - b->len;
- }
- break;
-
- case BIO_C_GET_READ_REQUEST:
- /* If the peer unsuccessfully tried to read, how many bytes
- * were requested? (As with BIO_CTRL_PENDING, that number
- * can usually be treated as boolean.) */
- ret = (long)b->request;
- break;
-
- case BIO_C_RESET_READ_REQUEST:
- /* Reset request. (Can be useful after read attempts
- * at the other side that are meant to be non-blocking,
- * e.g. when probing SSL_read to see if any data is
- * available.) */
- b->request = 0;
- ret = 1;
- break;
-
- case BIO_C_SHUTDOWN_WR:
- /* similar to shutdown(..., SHUT_WR) */
- b->closed = 1;
- ret = 1;
- break;
-
- /* standard CTRL codes follow */
-
- case BIO_CTRL_GET_CLOSE:
- ret = bio->shutdown;
- break;
-
- case BIO_CTRL_SET_CLOSE:
- bio->shutdown = (int)num;
- ret = 1;
- break;
-
- case BIO_CTRL_PENDING:
- if (b->peer != NULL) {
- struct bio_bio_st *peer_b = b->peer->ptr;
- ret = (long)peer_b->len;
- } else {
- ret = 0;
- }
- break;
-
- case BIO_CTRL_WPENDING:
- ret = 0;
- if (b->buf != NULL) {
- ret = (long)b->len;
- }
- break;
-
- case BIO_CTRL_FLUSH:
- ret = 1;
- break;
-
- case BIO_CTRL_EOF: {
- BIO *other_bio = ptr;
-
- if (other_bio) {
- struct bio_bio_st *other_b = other_bio->ptr;
- assert(other_b != NULL);
- ret = other_b->len == 0 && other_b->closed;
- } else {
- ret = 1;
- }
- } break;
-
- default:
- ret = 0;
- }
- return ret;
- }
-
- static int bio_puts(BIO *bio, const char *str) {
- return bio_write(bio, str, strlen(str));
- }
-
- static const BIO_METHOD methods_biop = {
- BIO_TYPE_BIO, "BIO pair", bio_write, bio_read,
- bio_puts, NULL /* no bio_gets */, bio_ctrl, bio_new,
- bio_free, NULL /* no bio_callback_ctrl */
- };
-
- const BIO_METHOD *bio_s_bio(void) { return &methods_biop; }
-
- int BIO_new_bio_pair(BIO** bio1_p, size_t writebuf1,
- BIO** bio2_p, size_t writebuf2) {
- return BIO_new_bio_pair_external_buf(bio1_p, writebuf1, NULL, bio2_p,
- writebuf2, NULL);
- }
-
- int BIO_new_bio_pair_external_buf(BIO** bio1_p, size_t writebuf1_len,
- uint8_t* ext_writebuf1,
- BIO** bio2_p, size_t writebuf2_len,
- uint8_t* ext_writebuf2) {
- BIO *bio1 = NULL, *bio2 = NULL;
- int ret = 0;
-
- /* External buffers must have sizes greater than 0. */
- if ((ext_writebuf1 && !writebuf1_len) || (ext_writebuf2 && !writebuf2_len)) {
- goto err;
- }
-
- bio1 = BIO_new(bio_s_bio());
- if (bio1 == NULL) {
- goto err;
- }
- bio2 = BIO_new(bio_s_bio());
- if (bio2 == NULL) {
- goto err;
- }
-
- if (!bio_make_pair(bio1, bio2, writebuf1_len, ext_writebuf1, writebuf2_len,
- ext_writebuf2)) {
- goto err;
- }
- ret = 1;
-
- err:
- if (ret == 0) {
- BIO_free(bio1);
- bio1 = NULL;
- BIO_free(bio2);
- bio2 = NULL;
- }
-
- *bio1_p = bio1;
- *bio2_p = bio2;
- return ret;
- }
-
- size_t BIO_ctrl_get_read_request(BIO *bio) {
- return BIO_ctrl(bio, BIO_C_GET_READ_REQUEST, 0, NULL);
- }
-
- size_t BIO_ctrl_get_write_guarantee(BIO *bio) {
- return BIO_ctrl(bio, BIO_C_GET_WRITE_GUARANTEE, 0, NULL);
- }
-
- int BIO_shutdown_wr(BIO *bio) {
- return BIO_ctrl(bio, BIO_C_SHUTDOWN_WR, 0, NULL);
- }
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