Instead, extract it from the certificate, which is what everyone was
doing anyway. A follow-up change will take advantage of this cleanup to
deduplicate code between signing and verifying for which keys are good
for which signature algorithms.

BUG=188

Change-Id: Ic3f83a6477e8fa53e5e7233f4545f4d2c4b58d01
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/14565
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>