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nobs/dh/sidh/internal/curve.go
2018-07-23 23:18:38 +01:00

325 lines
11 KiB
Go

package p751toolbox
// A point on the projective line P^1(F_{p^2}).
//
// This is used to work projectively with the curve coefficients.
type ProjectiveCurveParameters struct {
A ExtensionFieldElement
C ExtensionFieldElement
}
// Stores curve projective parameters equivalent to A/C. Meaning of the
// values depends on the context. When working with isogenies over
// subgroup that are powers of:
// * three then A=(A+2C)/4; C=(A-2C)/4
// * four then A=(A+2C)/4; C=4C
// See Appendix A of SIKE for more details
type CurveCoefficientsEquiv struct {
A ExtensionFieldElement
C ExtensionFieldElement
}
// A point on the projective line P^1(F_{p^2}).
//
// This represents a point on the Kummer line of a Montgomery curve. The
// curve is specified by a ProjectiveCurveParameters struct.
type ProjectivePoint struct {
X ExtensionFieldElement
Z ExtensionFieldElement
}
// A point on the projective line P^1(F_p).
//
// This represents a point on the (Kummer line) of the prime-field subgroup of
// the base curve E_0(F_p), defined by E_0 : y^2 = x^3 + x.
type ProjectivePrimeFieldPoint struct {
X PrimeFieldElement
Z PrimeFieldElement
}
func (params *ProjectiveCurveParameters) FromAffine(a *ExtensionFieldElement) {
params.A = *a
params.C.One()
}
// Computes j-invariant for a curve y2=x3+A/Cx+x with A,C in F_(p^2). Result
// is returned in jBytes buffer, encoded in little-endian format. Caller
// provided jBytes buffer has to be big enough to j-invariant value. In case
// of SIDH, buffer size must be at least size of shared secret.
// Implementation corresponds to Algorithm 9 from SIKE.
func (cparams *ProjectiveCurveParameters) Jinvariant(jBytes []byte) {
var j, t0, t1 ExtensionFieldElement
j.Square(&cparams.A) // j = A^2
t1.Square(&cparams.C) // t1 = C^2
t0.Add(&t1, &t1) // t0 = t1 + t1
t0.Sub(&j, &t0) // t0 = j - t0
t0.Sub(&t0, &t1) // t0 = t0 - t1
j.Sub(&t0, &t1) // t0 = t0 - t1
t1.Square(&t1) // t1 = t1^2
j.Mul(&j, &t1) // t0 = t0 * t1
t0.Add(&t0, &t0) // t0 = t0 + t0
t0.Add(&t0, &t0) // t0 = t0 + t0
t1.Square(&t0) // t1 = t0^2
t0.Mul(&t0, &t1) // t0 = t0 * t1
t0.Add(&t0, &t0) // t0 = t0 + t0
t0.Add(&t0, &t0) // t0 = t0 + t0
j.Inv(&j) // j = 1/j
j.Mul(&t0, &j) // j = t0 * j
j.ToBytes(jBytes)
}
// Given affine points x(P), x(Q) and x(Q-P) in a extension field F_{p^2}, function
// recorvers projective coordinate A of a curve. This is Algorithm 10 from SIKE.
func (curve *ProjectiveCurveParameters) RecoverCoordinateA(xp, xq, xr *ExtensionFieldElement) {
var t0, t1 ExtensionFieldElement
t1.Add(xp, xq) // t1 = Xp + Xq
t0.Mul(xp, xq) // t0 = Xp * Xq
curve.A.Mul(xr, &t1) // A = X(q-p) * t1
curve.A.Add(&curve.A, &t0) // A = A + t0
t0.Mul(&t0, xr) // t0 = t0 * X(q-p)
curve.A.Sub(&curve.A, &oneExtensionField) // A = A - 1
t0.Add(&t0, &t0) // t0 = t0 + t0
t1.Add(&t1, xr) // t1 = t1 + X(q-p)
t0.Add(&t0, &t0) // t0 = t0 + t0
curve.A.Square(&curve.A) // A = A^2
t0.Inv(&t0) // t0 = 1/t0
curve.A.Mul(&curve.A, &t0) // A = A * t0
curve.A.Sub(&curve.A, &t1) // A = A - t1
}
// Computes equivalence (A:C) ~ (A+2C : A-2C)
func (curve *ProjectiveCurveParameters) CalcCurveParamsEquiv3() CurveCoefficientsEquiv {
var coef CurveCoefficientsEquiv
var tmp ExtensionFieldElement
// TODO: Calling code sets C=1, always (all functions). Currently only tests
// require C to be customizable.
// C24 = 2*C
tmp.Add(&curve.C, &curve.C)
// A24_plus = A + 2C
coef.A.Add(&curve.A, &tmp)
// A24_minus = A - 2C
coef.C.Sub(&curve.A, &tmp)
return coef
}
// Computes equivalence (A:C) ~ (A+2C : 2C)
func (cparams *ProjectiveCurveParameters) CalcCurveParamsEquiv4() CurveCoefficientsEquiv {
var coefEq CurveCoefficientsEquiv
// C = 2*cparams.C
coefEq.C.Add(&cparams.C, &cparams.C)
// A24_plus = A + 2C
coefEq.A.Add(&cparams.A, &coefEq.C)
// C24 = 4*C
coefEq.C.Add(&coefEq.C, &coefEq.C)
return coefEq
}
// Helper function for RightToLeftLadder(). Returns A+2C / 4.
func (cparams *ProjectiveCurveParameters) calcAplus2Over4() (ret ExtensionFieldElement) {
var tmp ExtensionFieldElement
// 2C
tmp.Add(&cparams.C, &cparams.C)
// A+2C
ret.Add(&cparams.A, &tmp)
// 1/4C
tmp.Add(&tmp, &tmp).Inv(&tmp)
// A+2C/4C
ret.Mul(&ret, &tmp)
return
}
// Recovers (A:C) curve parameters from projectively equivalent (A+2C:A-2C).
func (cparams *ProjectiveCurveParameters) RecoverCurveCoefficients3(coefEq *CurveCoefficientsEquiv) {
cparams.A.Add(&coefEq.A, &coefEq.C)
cparams.A.Add(&cparams.A, &cparams.A)
cparams.C.Sub(&coefEq.A, &coefEq.C)
return
}
// Recovers (A:C) curve parameters from projectively equivalent (A+2C:2C).
func (cparams *ProjectiveCurveParameters) RecoverCurveCoefficients4(coefEq *CurveCoefficientsEquiv) {
var tmp ExtensionFieldElement
tmp.Add(&oneExtensionField, &oneExtensionField).Inv(&tmp)
cparams.C.Mul(&coefEq.C, &tmp)
cparams.A.Sub(&coefEq.A, &cparams.C)
cparams.C.Mul(&cparams.C, &tmp)
return
}
func (point *ProjectivePoint) FromAffinePrimeField(x *PrimeFieldElement) {
point.X.A = x.A
point.X.B = zeroExtensionField.B
point.Z = oneExtensionField
}
func (point *ProjectivePoint) FromAffine(x *ExtensionFieldElement) {
point.X = *x
point.Z = oneExtensionField
}
func (point *ProjectivePrimeFieldPoint) FromAffine(x *PrimeFieldElement) {
point.X = *x
point.Z = onePrimeField
}
func (point *ProjectivePoint) ToAffine() *ExtensionFieldElement {
affine_x := new(ExtensionFieldElement)
affine_x.Inv(&point.Z).Mul(affine_x, &point.X)
return affine_x
}
func (point *ProjectivePrimeFieldPoint) ToAffine() *PrimeFieldElement {
affine_x := new(PrimeFieldElement)
affine_x.Inv(&point.Z).Mul(affine_x, &point.X)
return affine_x
}
func (lhs *ProjectivePoint) VartimeEq(rhs *ProjectivePoint) bool {
var t0, t1 ExtensionFieldElement
t0.Mul(&lhs.X, &rhs.Z)
t1.Mul(&lhs.Z, &rhs.X)
return t0.VartimeEq(&t1)
}
func (lhs *ProjectivePrimeFieldPoint) VartimeEq(rhs *ProjectivePrimeFieldPoint) bool {
var t0, t1 PrimeFieldElement
t0.Mul(&lhs.X, &rhs.Z)
t1.Mul(&lhs.Z, &rhs.X)
return t0.VartimeEq(&t1)
}
func ProjectivePointConditionalSwap(xP, xQ *ProjectivePoint, choice uint8) {
ExtensionFieldConditionalSwap(&xP.X, &xQ.X, choice)
ExtensionFieldConditionalSwap(&xP.Z, &xQ.Z, choice)
}
func ProjectivePrimeFieldPointConditionalSwap(xP, xQ *ProjectivePrimeFieldPoint, choice uint8) {
PrimeFieldConditionalSwap(&xP.X, &xQ.X, choice)
PrimeFieldConditionalSwap(&xP.Z, &xQ.Z, choice)
}
// Combined coordinate doubling and differential addition. Takes projective points
// P,Q,Q-P and (A+2C)/4C curve E coefficient. Returns 2*P and P+Q calculated on E.
// Function is used only by RightToLeftLadder. Corresponds to Algorithm 5 of SIKE
func xDblAdd(P, Q, QmP *ProjectivePoint, a24 *ExtensionFieldElement) (dblP, PaQ ProjectivePoint) {
var t0, t1, t2 ExtensionFieldElement
xQmP, zQmP := &QmP.X, &QmP.Z
xPaQ, zPaQ := &PaQ.X, &PaQ.Z
x2P, z2P := &dblP.X, &dblP.Z
xP, zP := &P.X, &P.Z
xQ, zQ := &Q.X, &Q.Z
t0.Add(xP, zP) // t0 = Xp+Zp
t1.Sub(xP, zP) // t1 = Xp-Zp
x2P.Square(&t0) // 2P.X = t0^2
t2.Sub(xQ, zQ) // t2 = Xq-Zq
xPaQ.Add(xQ, zQ) // Xp+q = Xq+Zq
t0.Mul(&t0, &t2) // t0 = t0 * t2
z2P.Mul(&t1, &t1) // 2P.Z = t1 * t1
t1.Mul(&t1, xPaQ) // t1 = t1 * Xp+q
t2.Sub(x2P, z2P) // t2 = 2P.X - 2P.Z
x2P.Mul(x2P, z2P) // 2P.X = 2P.X * 2P.Z
xPaQ.Mul(a24, &t2) // Xp+q = A24 * t2
zPaQ.Sub(&t0, &t1) // Zp+q = t0 - t1
z2P.Add(xPaQ, z2P) // 2P.Z = Xp+q + 2P.Z
xPaQ.Add(&t0, &t1) // Xp+q = t0 + t1
z2P.Mul(z2P, &t2) // 2P.Z = 2P.Z * t2
zPaQ.Square(zPaQ) // Zp+q = Zp+q ^ 2
xPaQ.Square(xPaQ) // Xp+q = Xp+q ^ 2
zPaQ.Mul(xQmP, zPaQ) // Zp+q = Xq-p * Zp+q
xPaQ.Mul(zQmP, xPaQ) // Xp+q = Zq-p * Xp+q
return
}
// Given the curve parameters, xP = x(P), and k >= 0, compute x2P = x([2^k]P).
//
// Returns x2P to allow chaining. Safe to overlap xP, x2P.
func (x2P *ProjectivePoint) Pow2k(params *CurveCoefficientsEquiv, xP *ProjectivePoint, k uint32) *ProjectivePoint {
var t0, t1 ExtensionFieldElement
*x2P = *xP
x, z := &x2P.X, &x2P.Z
for i := uint32(0); i < k; i++ {
t0.Sub(x, z) // t0 = Xp - Zp
t1.Add(x, z) // t1 = Xp + Zp
t0.Square(&t0) // t0 = t0 ^ 2
t1.Square(&t1) // t1 = t1 ^ 2
z.Mul(&params.C, &t0) // Z2p = C24 * t0
x.Mul(z, &t1) // X2p = Z2p * t1
t1.Sub(&t1, &t0) // t1 = t1 - t0
t0.Mul(&params.A, &t1) // t0 = A24+ * t1
z.Add(z, &t0) // Z2p = Z2p + t0
z.Mul(z, &t1) // Zp = Z2p * t1
}
return x2P
}
// Given the curve parameters, xP = x(P), and k >= 0, compute x3P = x([3^k]P).
//
// Returns x3P to allow chaining. Safe to overlap xP, xR.
func (x3P *ProjectivePoint) Pow3k(params *CurveCoefficientsEquiv, xP *ProjectivePoint, k uint32) *ProjectivePoint {
var t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 ExtensionFieldElement
*x3P = *xP
x, z := &x3P.X, &x3P.Z
for i := uint32(0); i < k; i++ {
t0.Sub(x, z) // t0 = Xp - Zp
t2.Square(&t0) // t2 = t0^2
t1.Add(x, z) // t1 = Xp + Zp
t3.Square(&t1) // t3 = t1^2
t4.Add(&t1, &t0) // t4 = t1 + t0
t0.Sub(&t1, &t0) // t0 = t1 - t0
t1.Square(&t4) // t1 = t4^2
t1.Sub(&t1, &t3) // t1 = t1 - t3
t1.Sub(&t1, &t2) // t1 = t1 - t2
t5.Mul(&t3, &params.A) // t5 = t3 * A24+
t3.Mul(&t3, &t5) // t3 = t5 * t3
t6.Mul(&params.C, &t2) // t6 = t2 * A24-
t2.Mul(&t2, &t6) // t2 = t2 * t6
t3.Sub(&t2, &t3) // t3 = t2 - t3
t2.Sub(&t5, &t6) // t2 = t5 - t6
t1.Mul(&t2, &t1) // t1 = t2 * t1
t2.Add(&t3, &t1) // t2 = t3 + t1
t2.Square(&t2) // t2 = t2^2
x.Mul(&t2, &t4) // X3p = t2 * t4
t1.Sub(&t3, &t1) // t1 = t3 - t1
t1.Square(&t1) // t1 = t1^2
z.Mul(&t1, &t0) // Z3p = t1 * t0
}
return x3P
}
// RightToLeftLadder is a right-to-left point multiplication that given the
// x-coordinate of P, Q and P-Q calculates the x-coordinate of R=Q+[scalar]P.
// nbits must be smaller or equal to len(scalar).
func RightToLeftLadder(c *ProjectiveCurveParameters, P, Q, PmQ *ProjectivePoint,
nbits uint, scalar []uint8) ProjectivePoint {
var R0, R2, R1 ProjectivePoint
aPlus2Over4 := c.calcAplus2Over4()
R1 = *P
R2 = *PmQ
R0 = *Q
// Iterate over the bits of the scalar, bottom to top
prevBit := uint8(0)
for i := uint(0); i < nbits; i++ {
bit := (scalar[i>>3] >> (i & 7) & 1)
swap := prevBit ^ bit
prevBit = bit
ProjectivePointConditionalSwap(&R1, &R2, swap)
R0, R2 = xDblAdd(&R0, &R2, &R1, &aPlus2Over4)
}
ProjectivePointConditionalSwap(&R1, &R2, prevBit)
return R1
}