* Names passed around (mostly constant) value more clearly
* Put ``const`` where applicable (almost everywhere)
* Renamed ``primitive.h``
* Fixed some nits

This was causing compilation failures with clang, that there were 
duplicate const keywords once the macro was expanded in hash.h

This PR sacrifices passing some extra arguments to get rid of the global
state.

* Haraka needs state in all hash calls, this results in changes to the
  hash functions specified in `hash.h`.  The extra pointers passed would
  not be necessary for SHA256 or SHAKE256.
* SHAKE256 did not have global state, but uniformity in the implementations
  requires us to pass  around the new state context anyway. Otherwise,
  @joostrijneveld's SPHINCS+ generator doesn't really work anymore).

We introduce a new header file called `primitive.h` which defines the
required state type for the generic functions. I did not go into
replacing _all_ occurrences of state variables by the new `hash_state`
macro.

There are schemes, like SABER (#192) that have more than one principal
submitter. Consistency warrants that we turn it into a list for all
schemes and don't do something with allowing either a str or a list:
that would just be very annoying to parse.

Closes #194

Windows already complains about this in CI, but this will
let us catch these issues on Linux as well.

Windows already complains about this in CI, but this will
let us catch these issues on Linux as well.

Thanks to Stefan Kölbl

* fix prototypes for sphincs and static functions in aes.c

* fix missing prototypes in all frodo variants

* fix missing prototypes in kyber

* remove const from non-pointer arguments in Frodo

* add missing prototypes to requirements in README

* Minor changes

* Gracefully degrade if clang-tidy segfaults

* Typo on returncode