* Names passed around (mostly constant) value more clearly
* Put ``const`` where applicable (almost everywhere)
* Renamed ``primitive.h``
* Fixed some nits

This was causing compilation failures with clang, that there were 
duplicate const keywords once the macro was expanded in hash.h

This PR sacrifices passing some extra arguments to get rid of the global
state.

* Haraka needs state in all hash calls, this results in changes to the
  hash functions specified in `hash.h`.  The extra pointers passed would
  not be necessary for SHA256 or SHAKE256.
* SHAKE256 did not have global state, but uniformity in the implementations
  requires us to pass  around the new state context anyway. Otherwise,
  @joostrijneveld's SPHINCS+ generator doesn't really work anymore).

We introduce a new header file called `primitive.h` which defines the
required state type for the generic functions. I did not go into
replacing _all_ occurrences of state variables by the new `hash_state`
macro.

There are schemes, like SABER (#192) that have more than one principal
submitter. Consistency warrants that we turn it into a list for all
schemes and don't do something with allowing either a str or a list:
that would just be very annoying to parse.

Closes #194

* fixes dynamic memory allocation test. previously a function called freeze() would trigger it

* this adds DilithiumII. Preprocessor conditionals still need to be removed

* fix ms Makefile

* fix MS compiler warnings

* clean-up

* remove preprocessor conditionals

* add dilithium3

* add dilithium4

* add duplicate consistency checks

* SHA2 state constants in common

* clean up symmetric.h

* Port SPHINCS+-SHA256 to sha256ctx struct

* Implement ctx struct for fips202

* Port Kyber{512,768,1024} to fips202 ctx struct

* Port NewHope to fips202 structs

* Port SPHINCS+-SHAKE256 to fips202 ctx structs

* Use opaque fips202 structs in MQDSS

* port dilithium to use fips202 ctx structs

* include -Wredundant-decls

* remove comment; format NTT constants

* reduce casts in power2round

This reverts commit 00639575b0.