diff --git a/common.go b/common.go
index ec3e997..84481a2 100644
--- a/common.go
+++ b/common.go
@@ -489,10 +489,10 @@ func (c *Config) BuildNameToCertificate() {
 type Certificate struct {
 	Certificate [][]byte
 	// PrivateKey contains the private key corresponding to the public key
-	// in Leaf. For a server, this must implement either crypto.Decrypter
-	// (implemented by RSA private keys) or crypto.Signer (which includes
-	// RSA and ECDSA private keys). For a client doing client authentication,
-	// this can be any type that implements crypto.Signer.
+	// in Leaf. For a server, this must implement crypto.Signer and/or
+	// crypto.Decrypter, with an RSA or ECDSA PublicKey. For a client
+	// (performing client authentication), this must be a crypto.Signer
+	// with an RSA or ECDSA PublicKey.
 	PrivateKey crypto.PrivateKey
 	// OCSPStaple contains an optional OCSP response which will be served
 	// to clients that request it.
diff --git a/handshake_server.go b/handshake_server.go
index 8b31c7c..7fc1b5f 100644
--- a/handshake_server.go
+++ b/handshake_server.go
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ type serverHandshakeState struct {
 	suite           *cipherSuite
 	ellipticOk      bool
 	ecdsaOk         bool
-	rsaOk           bool
-	signOk          bool
-	decryptOk       bool
+	rsaDecryptOk    bool
+	rsaSignOk       bool
 	sessionState    *sessionState
 	finishedHash    finishedHash
 	masterSecret    []byte
@@ -201,22 +200,20 @@ Curves:
 	}
 
 	if priv, ok := hs.cert.PrivateKey.(crypto.Signer); ok {
-		hs.signOk = true
 		switch priv.Public().(type) {
 		case *ecdsa.PublicKey:
 			hs.ecdsaOk = true
 		case *rsa.PublicKey:
-			hs.rsaOk = true
+			hs.rsaSignOk = true
 		default:
 			c.sendAlert(alertInternalError)
 			return false, fmt.Errorf("crypto/tls: unsupported signing key type (%T)", priv.Public())
 		}
 	}
 	if priv, ok := hs.cert.PrivateKey.(crypto.Decrypter); ok {
-		hs.decryptOk = true
 		switch priv.Public().(type) {
 		case *rsa.PublicKey:
-			hs.rsaOk = true
+			hs.rsaDecryptOk = true
 		default:
 			c.sendAlert(alertInternalError)
 			return false, fmt.Errorf("crypto/tls: unsupported decryption key type (%T)", priv.Public())
@@ -692,17 +689,17 @@ func (hs *serverHandshakeState) setCipherSuite(id uint16, supportedCipherSuites
 			// Don't select a ciphersuite which we can't
 			// support for this client.
 			if candidate.flags&suiteECDHE != 0 {
-				if !hs.ellipticOk || !hs.signOk {
+				if !hs.ellipticOk {
 					continue
 				}
 				if candidate.flags&suiteECDSA != 0 {
 					if !hs.ecdsaOk {
 						continue
 					}
-				} else if !hs.rsaOk {
+				} else if !hs.rsaSignOk {
 					continue
 				}
-			} else if !hs.decryptOk || !hs.rsaOk {
+			} else if !hs.rsaDecryptOk {
 				continue
 			}
 			if version < VersionTLS12 && candidate.flags&suiteTLS12 != 0 {
diff --git a/handshake_server_test.go b/handshake_server_test.go
index af5cadb..ed0248f 100644
--- a/handshake_server_test.go
+++ b/handshake_server_test.go
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ func init() {
 	testConfig.BuildNameToCertificate()
 }
 
+func testClientHello(t *testing.T, serverConfig *Config, m handshakeMessage) {
+	testClientHelloFailure(t, serverConfig, m, "")
+}
+
 func testClientHelloFailure(t *testing.T, serverConfig *Config, m handshakeMessage, expectedSubStr string) {
 	// Create in-memory network connection,
 	// send message to server.  Should return
@@ -78,7 +82,11 @@ func testClientHelloFailure(t *testing.T, serverConfig *Config, m handshakeMessa
 	}()
 	err := Server(s, serverConfig).Handshake()
 	s.Close()
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedSubStr) {
+	if len(expectedSubStr) == 0 {
+		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+			t.Errorf("Got error: %s; expected to succeed", err, expectedSubStr)
+		}
+	} else if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedSubStr) {
 		t.Errorf("Got error: %s; expected to match substring '%s'", err, expectedSubStr)
 	}
 }
@@ -126,6 +134,55 @@ func TestNoRC4ByDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	testClientHelloFailure(t, &serverConfig, clientHello, "no cipher suite supported by both client and server")
 }
 
+func TestDontSelectECDSAWithRSAKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that, even when both sides support an ECDSA cipher suite, it
+	// won't be selected if the server's private key doesn't support it.
+	clientHello := &clientHelloMsg{
+		vers:               0x0301,
+		cipherSuites:       []uint16{TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA},
+		compressionMethods: []uint8{0},
+		supportedCurves:    []CurveID{CurveP256},
+		supportedPoints:    []uint8{pointFormatUncompressed},
+	}
+	serverConfig := *testConfig
+	serverConfig.CipherSuites = clientHello.cipherSuites
+	serverConfig.Certificates = make([]Certificate, 1)
+	serverConfig.Certificates[0].Certificate = [][]byte{testECDSACertificate}
+	serverConfig.Certificates[0].PrivateKey = testECDSAPrivateKey
+	serverConfig.BuildNameToCertificate()
+	// First test that it *does* work when the server's key is ECDSA.
+	testClientHello(t, &serverConfig, clientHello)
+
+	// Now test that switching to an RSA key causes the expected error (and
+	// not an internal error about a signing failure).
+	serverConfig.Certificates = testConfig.Certificates
+	testClientHelloFailure(t, &serverConfig, clientHello, "no cipher suite supported by both client and server")
+}
+
+func TestDontSelectRSAWithECDSAKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that, even when both sides support an RSA cipher suite, it
+	// won't be selected if the server's private key doesn't support it.
+	clientHello := &clientHelloMsg{
+		vers:               0x0301,
+		cipherSuites:       []uint16{TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA},
+		compressionMethods: []uint8{0},
+		supportedCurves:    []CurveID{CurveP256},
+		supportedPoints:    []uint8{pointFormatUncompressed},
+	}
+	serverConfig := *testConfig
+	serverConfig.CipherSuites = clientHello.cipherSuites
+	// First test that it *does* work when the server's key is RSA.
+	testClientHello(t, &serverConfig, clientHello)
+
+	// Now test that switching to an ECDSA key causes the expected error
+	// (and not an internal error about a signing failure).
+	serverConfig.Certificates = make([]Certificate, 1)
+	serverConfig.Certificates[0].Certificate = [][]byte{testECDSACertificate}
+	serverConfig.Certificates[0].PrivateKey = testECDSAPrivateKey
+	serverConfig.BuildNameToCertificate()
+	testClientHelloFailure(t, &serverConfig, clientHello, "no cipher suite supported by both client and server")
+}
+
 func TestRenegotiationExtension(t *testing.T) {
 	clientHello := &clientHelloMsg{
 		vers:                VersionTLS12,