Turn them into static functions that take in an hm_fragment. It's not
immediately obvious that the frag_off/frag_len bounds checks and the msg_len
consistency check are critical to avoiding an out-of-bounds write. Better to
have dtls1_hm_fragment_mark also check internally.

Also rework the bitmask logic to be clearer and avoid a table.

Change-Id: Ica54e98f66295efb323e033cb6c67ab21e7d6cbc
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/3765
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>