Only documentation / comment changes. Update references to
point to golang.org permalinks or go.googlesource.com/go.
References in historical release notes under doc are left as is.
Change-Id: Icfc14e4998723e2c2d48f9877a91c5abef6794ea
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/4060
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Generalizes PRF calculation for TLS 1.2 to support arbitrary hashes (SHA-384 instead of SHA-256).
Testdata were all updated to correspond with the new cipher suites in the handshake.
Change-Id: I3d9fc48c19d1043899e38255a53c80dc952ee08f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3265
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@golang.org>
ECDSA is unsafe to use if an entropy source produces predictable
output for the ephemeral nonces. E.g., [Nguyen]. A simple
countermeasure is to hash the secret key, the message, and
entropy together to seed a CSPRNG, from which the ephemeral key
is derived.
Fixes#9452
--
This is a minimalist (in terms of patch size) solution, though
not the most parsimonious in its use of primitives:
- csprng_key = ChopMD-256(SHA2-512(priv.D||entropy||hash))
- reader = AES-256-CTR(k=csprng_key)
This, however, provides at most 128-bit collision-resistance,
so that Adv will have a term related to the number of messages
signed that is significantly worse than plain ECDSA. This does
not seem to be of any practical importance.
ChopMD-256(SHA2-512(x)) is used, rather than SHA2-256(x), for
two sets of reasons:
*Practical:* SHA2-512 has a larger state and 16 more rounds; it
is likely non-generically stronger than SHA2-256. And, AFAIK,
cryptanalysis backs this up. (E.g., [Biryukov] gives a
distinguisher on 47-round SHA2-256 with cost < 2^85.) This is
well below a reasonable security-strength target.
*Theoretical:* [Coron] and [Chang] show that Chop-MD(F(x)) is
indifferentiable from a random oracle for slightly beyond the
birthday barrier. It seems likely that this makes a generic
security proof that this construction remains UF-CMA is
possible in the indifferentiability framework.
--
Many thanks to Payman Mohassel for reviewing this construction;
any mistakes are mine, however. And, as he notes, reusing the
private key in this way means that the generic-group (non-RO)
proof of ECDSA's security given in [Brown] no longer directly
applies.
--
[Brown]: http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/techreports/2000/corr2000-54.ps
"Brown. The exact security of ECDSA. 2000"
[Coron]: https://www.cs.nyu.edu/~puniya/papers/merkle.pdf
"Coron et al. Merkle-Damgard revisited. 2005"
[Chang]: https://www.iacr.org/archive/fse2008/50860436/50860436.pdf
"Chang and Nandi. Improved indifferentiability security analysis
of chopMD hash function. 2008"
[Biryukov]: http://www.iacr.org/archive/asiacrypt2011/70730269/70730269.pdf
"Biryukov et al. Second-order differential collisions for reduced
SHA-256. 2011"
[Nguyen]: ftp://ftp.di.ens.fr/pub/users/pnguyen/PubECDSA.ps
"Nguyen and Shparlinski. The insecurity of the elliptic curve
digital signature algorithm with partially known nonces. 2003"
New tests:
TestNonceSafety: Check that signatures are safe even with a
broken entropy source.
TestINDCCA: Check that signatures remain non-deterministic
with a functional entropy source.
Updated "golden" KATs in crypto/tls/testdata that use ECDSA suites.
Change-Id: I55337a2fbec2e42a36ce719bd2184793682d678a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3340
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@golang.org>
There are two methods by which TLS clients signal the renegotiation
extension: either a special cipher suite value or a TLS extension.
It appears that I left debugging code in when I landed support for the
extension because there's a "+ 1" in the switch statement that shouldn't
be there.
The effect of this is very small, but it will break Firefox if
security.ssl.require_safe_negotiation is enabled in about:config.
(Although almost nobody does this.)
This change fixes the original bug and adds a test. Sadly the test is a
little complex because there's no OpenSSL s_client option that mirrors
that behaviour of require_safe_negotiation.
Change-Id: Ia6925c7d9bbc0713e7104228a57d2d61d537c07a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/1900
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
SSLv3 (the old minimum) is still supported and can be enabled via the
tls.Config, but this change increases the default minimum version to TLS
1.0. This is now common practice in light of the POODLE[1] attack
against SSLv3's CBC padding format.
[1] https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/10/14/poodle.htmlFixes#9364.
Change-Id: Ibae6666ee038ceee0cb18c339c393155928c6510
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/1791
Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
Fix TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV check when comparing the client version to the
default max version. This enables the TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV check by default
in servers that do not explicitly set a max version in the tls config.
Change-Id: I5a51f9da6d71b79bc6c2ba45032be51d0f704b5e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/1776
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@golang.org>
A new attack on CBC padding in SSLv3 was released yesterday[1]. Go only
supports SSLv3 as a server, not as a client. An easy fix is to change
the default minimum version to TLS 1.0 but that seems a little much
this late in the 1.4 process as it may break some things.
Thus this patch adds server support for TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV[2] -- a
mechanism for solving the fallback problem overall. Chrome has
implemented this since February and Google has urged others to do so in
light of yesterday's news.
With this change, clients can indicate that they are doing a fallback
connection and Go servers will be able to correctly reject them.
[1] http://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com/2014/10/this-poodle-bites-exploiting-ssl-30.html
[2] https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-downgrade-scsv-00
LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/157090043
Signer is an interface to support opaque private keys.
These keys typically result from being kept in special hardware
(i.e. a TPM) although sometimes operating systems provide a
similar interface using process isolation for security rather
than hardware boundaries.
This changes provides interfaces for representing them and
alters crypto/tls so that client certificates can use
opaque keys.
LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews, jdeprez
https://golang.org/cl/114680043
This change causes a TLS client and server to verify that received
elliptic curve points are on the expected curve. This isn't actually
necessary in the Go TLS stack, but Watson Ladd has convinced me that
it's worthwhile because it's pretty cheap and it removes the
possibility that some change in the future (e.g. tls-unique) will
depend on it without the author checking that precondition.
LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/115290046
Where the spelling changed from British to
US norm (e.g., optimise -> optimize) it follows
the style in that file.
LGTM=adonovan
R=golang-codereviews, adonovan
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96980043
Update #3514
An io.Reader is permitted to return either (n, nil)
or (n, io.EOF) on EOF or other error.
The tls package previously always returned (n, nil) for a read
of size n if n bytes were available, not surfacing errors at
the same time.
Amazon's HTTPS frontends like to hang up on clients without
sending the appropriate HTTP headers. (In their defense,
they're allowed to hang up any time, but generally a server
hangs up after a bit of inactivity, not immediately.) In any
case, the Go HTTP client tries to re-use connections by
looking at whether the response headers say to keep the
connection open, and because the connection looks okay, under
heavy load it's possible we'll reuse it immediately, writing
the next request, just as the Transport's always-reading
goroutine returns from tls.Conn.Read and sees (0, io.EOF).
But because Amazon does send an AlertCloseNotify record before
it hangs up on us, and the tls package does its own internal
buffering (up to 1024 bytes) of pending data, we have the
AlertCloseNotify in an unread buffer when our Conn.Read (to
the HTTP Transport code) reads its final bit of data in the
HTTP response body.
This change makes that final Read return (n, io.EOF) when
an AlertCloseNotify record is buffered right after, if we'd
otherwise return (n, nil).
A dependent change in the HTTP code then notes whether a
client connection has seen an io.EOF and uses that as an
additional signal to not reuse a HTTPS connection. With both
changes, the majority of Amazon request failures go
away. Without either one, 10-20 goroutines hitting the S3 API
leads to such an error rate that empirically up to 5 retries
are needed to complete an API call.
LGTM=agl, rsc
R=agl, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/76400046
Currently a write error will cause future reads to return that same error.
However, there may have been extra information from a peer pending on
the read direction that is now unavailable.
This change splits the single connErr into errors for the read, write and
handshake. (Splitting off the handshake error is needed because both read
and write paths check the handshake error.)
Fixes#7414.
LGTM=bradfitz, r
R=golang-codereviews, r, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/69090044
While reviewing uses of the lower-level Client API in code, I found
that in many cases, code was using Client only because it needed a
timeout on the connection. DialWithDialer allows a timeout (and
other values) to be specified without resorting to the low-level API.
LGTM=r
R=golang-codereviews, r, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/68920045
Currently an ECDHE handshake uses the client's curve preference. This
generally means that we use P-521. However, P-521's strength is
mismatched with the rest of the cipher suite in most cases and we have
a fast, constant-time implementation of P-256.
With this change, Go servers will use P-256 where the client supports
it although that can be overridden in the Config.
LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/66060043
crypto/tls has two functions for creating a client connection: Dial,
which most users are expected to use, and Client, which is the
lower-level API.
Dial does what you expect: it gives you a secure connection to the host
that you specify and the majority of users of crypto/tls appear to work
fine with it.
Client gives more control but needs more care. Specifically, if it
wasn't given a server name in the tls.Config then it didn't check that
the server's certificates match any hostname - because it doesn't have
one to check against. It was assumed that users of the low-level API
call VerifyHostname on the certificate themselves if they didn't supply
a hostname.
A review of the uses of Client both within Google and in a couple of
external libraries has shown that nearly all of them got this wrong.
Thus, this change enforces that either a ServerName or
InsecureSkipVerify is given. This does not affect tls.Dial.
See discussion at https://groups.google.com/d/msg/golang-nuts/4vnt7NdLvVU/b1SJ4u0ikb0J.
Fixes#7342.
LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/67010043
Users of the low-level, Client function are frequenctly missing the
fact that, unless they pass a ServerName to the TLS connection then it
cannot verify the certificates against any name.
This change makes it clear that at least one of InsecureSkipVerify and
ServerName should always be set.
LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/65440043
Adam (agl@) had already done an initial review of this CL in a branch.
Added ClientSessionState to Config which now allows clients to keep state
required to resume a TLS session with a server. A client handshake will try
and use the SessionTicket/MasterSecret in this cached state if the server
acknowledged resumption.
We also added support to cache ClientSessionState object in Config that will
be looked up by server remote address during the handshake.
R=golang-codereviews, agl, rsc, agl, agl, bradfitz, mikioh.mikioh
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/15680043
The renegotiation extension was introduced[1] due to an attack by Ray in
which a client's handshake was spliced into a connection that was
renegotiating, thus giving an attacker the ability to inject an
arbitary prefix into the connection.
Go has never supported renegotiation as a server and so this attack
doesn't apply. As a client, it's possible that at some point in the
future the population of servers will be sufficiently updated that
it'll be possible to reject connections where the server hasn't
demonstrated that it has been updated to address this problem.
We're not at that point yet, but it's good for Go servers to support
the extension so that it might be possible to do in the future.
[1] https://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc5746
R=golang-codereviews, mikioh.mikioh
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/48580043
The practice of storing reference connections for testing has worked
reasonably well, but the large blocks of literal data in the .go files
is ugly and updating the tests is a real problem because their number
has grown.
This CL changes the way that reference tests work. It's now possible to
automatically update the tests and the test data is now stored in
testdata/. This should make it easier to implement changes that affect
all connections, like implementing the renegotiation extension.
R=golang-codereviews, r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/42060044
NSS (used in Firefox and Chrome) won't accept two certificates with the same
issuer and serial. But this causes problems with self-signed certificates
with a fixed serial number.
This change randomises the serial numbers in the certificates generated by
generate_cert.go.
R=golang-dev, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/38290044
Despite SHA256 support being required for TLS 1.2 handshakes, some
servers are aborting handshakes that don't offer SHA1 support.
This change adds support for signing TLS 1.2 ServerKeyExchange messages
with SHA1. It does not add support for signing TLS 1.2 client
certificates with SHA1 as that would require the handshake to be
buffered.
Fixes#6618.
R=golang-dev, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/15650043
Ticket 13740047 updated the documented TLS version to 1.2.
This also updates the RFC refered to.
R=golang-dev
CC=golang-dev, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/14029043
AES-GCM cipher suites are only defined for TLS 1.2, although there's
nothing really version specific about them. However, development
versions of NSS (meaning Firefox and Chrome) have an issue where
they'll advertise TLS 1.2-only cipher suites in a TLS 1.1 ClientHello
but then balk when the server selects one.
This change causes Go clients not to advertise TLS 1.2 cipher suites
unless TLS 1.2 is being used, and prevents servers from selecting them
unless TLS 1.2 has been negotiated.
https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=297151https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=919677
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/13573047
47ec7a68b1a2 added support for ECDSA ciphersuites but didn't alter the
cipher suite selection to take that into account. Thus Go servers could
try and select an ECDSA cipher suite while only having an RSA
certificate, leading to connection failures.
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/13239053
With TLS 1.2, when sending client certificates the code was omitting
the new (in TLS 1.2) signature and hash fields.
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/13413050
AES-GCM is the only current TLS ciphersuite that doesn't have
cryptographic weaknesses (RC4), nor major construction issues (CBC mode
ciphers) and has some deployment (i.e. not-CCM).
R=golang-dev, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/13249044
Add support for ECDHE-ECDSA (RFC4492), which uses an ephemeral server
key pair to perform ECDH with ECDSA signatures. Like ECDHE-RSA,
ECDHE-ECDSA also provides PFS.
R=agl
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7006047
This does not include AES-GCM yet. Also, it assumes that the handshake and
certificate signature hash are always SHA-256, which is true of the ciphersuites
that we currently support.
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/10762044
Also use 2048-bit RSA keys as default in generate_cert.go,
as recommended by the NIST.
R=golang-dev, rsc, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/10676043
TLS clients send ciphersuites in preference order (most prefereable
first). This change alters the order so that ECDHE comes before plain
RSA, and RC4 comes before AES (because of the Lucky13 attack).
This is unlikely to have much effect: as a server, the code uses the
client's ciphersuite order by default and, as a client, the non-Go
server probably imposes its order.
R=golang-dev, r, raggi, jsing
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/10372045
